杉木、马尾松裸根苗水分关系研究

Water relation parameters of bare-root seedlings of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata Hook.)and Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.)were measured and changes of root growth potential as well as field survival rate of both species were studied after the bare-root seedlings were exposed in a sunny field condition.the results showed that masson pine had a lower osmotic potential(-2.07Mpa) at turgor loss point and at full turgor(-1.29Mpa),compared with Chinese fir(-1.80Mpa and -1.08Mpa respectively).The parameter Vp/Vo(63.27%) of Masson pine was higher than that of chinese fir (58.03%).This means that Masson pine has a stronger ability to tolerate desiccation,compared to Chinese fir according to analysis of above water relation parameters.Root growth potential and field survival rate decreased with prolonging duration of exposure.The field survival rate of both species was reduced to less than 40% after the seedling being exposed only two hours.Water potentials of -1.60 Mpa and -1.70 Mpa were suggested to be critical values for Chinese fir and Masson pine respectively in successful reforestation.     

Morphological plasticity of cotton roots in response to interspecific competition with pecan in an alleycropping system in the southern United States

A study was conducted in northwest Florida, USA, to investigate root development and morphology of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under pecan (Carya illinoensis K. Koch) trees in an alleycropping experiment. Root:shoot ratio, root biomass, total root length and root length density were examined under three treatments: (1) barrier (separating belowground interspecific competition by trenching to a depth of 120 cm and installing polyethylene barrier), (2) non-barrier (root systems were free to interact), and (3) monoculture of cotton (without above and belowground interspecific competition with trees). Results indicated that plants in the barrier and non-barrier treatments had lower root:shoot ratios compared to the monoculture treatment. Belowground competition for resources between pecan and cotton in the non-barrier treatment resulted in 25 and 33% reduction of total root length (359 cm) when compared to that of the barrier (477 cm) and monoculture (539 cm) treatments, respectively. The non-barrier plants also exhibited the lowest root length density. Specific root length was highest for the monoculture (179 cm g⁻¹) and lowest for the non-barrier treatment (146 cm g⁻¹) with the barrier treatment being intermediate (165 cm g⁻¹). Interspecific competition with pecan significantly altered root development and morphology of cotton plants. Research in agroforestry should take into account the developmental differences in root systems of the associated crop species so that better models incorporating nutrient and water uptake can be developed.     

稻茬麦根系构型可视化与三向分型维研究

提出一种根系可视化分析方法用于定量稻茬田环境的小麦根系构型。使用根系构型数字化仪测试稻茬麦苗期根系构型,将所测数据导入Pro/E平台进行根系构型的3-D重构,然后对可视化根系进行3向平面投影,计算小麦根系在不同平面的分形维数与分形丰度。结果表明,该方法可以真实反映出田间稻茬麦根系构型的动态变化状况,而根系分形维数与分形丰度随时间逐步递增,正视图面的分形维数和分形丰度总大于左视图面。从播后第98天开始,俯视图面的根系构型分形维数与分形丰度出现突增。在3个投影面上稻茬麦根系的分形维数与分形丰度都高度相关,二者与根总长也存在一定的相关关系。     

Modelling carbon dynamics in mixed grass–red clover swards

Growth and carbon dynamics in mixed grass–red clover leys were simulated using a growth model for pure stands based on radiation use, allocation within plant and loss of biomass. The model and its parameter values were taken from previous applications of the model to pure swards of grass and red clover grown in the same experiment at the same sites and years.     

耕作土壤表面不平度分析

利用激光式不平度测试仪测定犁耕耕地地面、圆盘耙耙地地面和驱动耙耙地地面的不平度，测定地面不平度沿着3个方向进行，即平行、倾斜和垂直于耕作方向。对每一种地面不平度的RMS高度、自相关长度和自相关函数进行了分析，结果表明：对于短的地块，可用单一尺度来表征地表不平度的特征，地表不平度特征属于指数相关函数，RMS高度和自相关长度具有明显的相关性；对于长的地块，平整的农业地表不平度具有分形性或多尺度性，其自相关函数是一种分形过程。     

基于Matlab的根系断层图像分割处理算法

根据植物根系原位形态可视化研究的需要,利用Matlab提供的图像处理算法,编制了根系断层图像分割处理算法的优选整合程序,用多种不同算法组合对根系CT原位图像进行实例检验,采用最终测量精度法作为评价准则,对分割效果进行分析研究。研究结果表明,在90%的置信水平下,处理模块的不同组合顺序以及每个模块中不同算法的选择对最终分割效果有显著的影响,各因素对分割效果总变异贡献率的大小排序为分割(46.1%)、灰度调整(17.9%)、分割前滤波(4.5%)、分割后滤波(2.6%)、执行序列(0.5%)。根据所设计的实验例证,提出了处理流程及算法中的较优组合。     

Genotypic differences of maize in grain yield response to deficit irrigation

This study was undertaken to investigate genotypic differences of five maize cultivars in grain yield response to two different modes of deficit irrigation, conventional deficit irrigation and partial root zone irrigation. Three irrigation treatments were implemented: (1) FULL irrigation, the control treatment where plant water requirement, 100% Class-A pan evaporation, was fully met and the furrows on both sides of the plant rows were irrigated; (2) partial root zone irrigation (PRI), 35% deficit irrigation, compared to FULL treatment, was applied in every other furrow thus irrigating only one side of the plant rows. The furrows irrigated were alternated every irrigation; (3) conventional deficit irrigation (CDI), the same amount of water as PRI was applied in furrows on both sides of the plant rows, similar to FULL irrigation treatment. Five maize cultivars (P.31.G.98, P.3394, Rx:9292, Tector and Tietar) showing extreme growth response to water stress were selected out of ten cultivars tested with earlier completed greenhouse-pot experiment. A split-plot experimental design, comprising three irrigation treatments and five maize cultivars with four replicates, was used during two years of work, in 2005 and 2006. Total of nine irrigations, with one-week irrigation interval, were annually applied using a drip-irrigation system. Soil water status was monitored using a neutron moisture gauge, in addition to measuring leaf water potential and above-ground biomass production throughout the growing season. Grain yield and other yield attributes were measured at harvest as well as assessing differences in plant root distributions. Decrease in grain yield and harvest index of the tested cultivars, compared to FULL treatment, was proportionally less under PRI than CDI. Whether or not a significant yield advantage can be obtained under PRI compared to CDI showed significant (P < 0.05) genotypic variability. Tector and Tietar among the tested cultivars of maize showed significantly higher grain yield (P < 0.05) under PRI than CDI. The yield advantage of the genotypes (P.3394 and Tector) under PRI compared to CDI seems related to their enhanced root biomass developed under PRI.     

杉檫混交根系效应的研究

In this paper,the root system and their associated effect of mixed forest of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Sassafras tsumu at eight-year-old were investigated and analyzed.The results showed that Sassafras tsumu might play a important role in improving the root system of Cunninghamia lanceolata growth due to the single root weight of Cunninghamia lanceolata in mixed forest of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Sassafras tsumu was evidently more than that of Cunninghamia lanceolata in pure forest,and that there were different mixed effects in mixed forest of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Sassafra tsumu in different slope situation,which meant that the associated effect was better in higher slope situation than in lower slope situation,and which reflected in the effect of Sassafra tsumu to the height and D.B.H.growth of Cunninghamia lanceolata.This Study indicated that the associated effect was positively related to the effect of roots system.     

土壤高温处理对连作草莓根系呼吸代谢及植株发育的影响

为探讨草莓连作障碍机理,模拟太阳能消毒设置5个连作土壤高温灭菌处理,研究不同处理对草莓根系呼吸代谢及植株生长发育的影响。结果表明,连作土壤经高温灭菌后,各处理土壤中细菌和真菌数量都显著降低,经70℃高温连续20 d处理的土壤中真菌甚至消失,且对草莓根系呼吸代谢及植株发育的促进效果最明显;70℃高温连续10 d处理及55℃高温连续20 d处理对草莓植株生长、根系活力和根系总呼吸速率都具有不同程度促进作用,前者依然以PPP呼吸途径为主,后者的TCA呼吸途径是PPP呼吸途径的1.34倍;连作土壤55℃高温连续10 d处理作用效果最差。可见连作土壤高温灭菌后,土壤微生物数量减少,促进草莓根系呼吸代谢及植株生长,减轻了草莓的连作障碍,进而证明了土壤微生物是引起草莓连作障碍的重要因素之一。     

马铃薯不同品种及高经济高营养“黑美人”脱毒培养技术的研究

解决马铃薯种薯退化问题一般采用茎尖组织脱毒培养(又叫分生组织脱毒培养).本实验又通过对马铃薯不同品种块茎具芽眼部分进行脱毒培养,培育出无病毒种苗,通过测其株高、茎粗、统计子叶数目、观察子叶颜色对比“黑美人”、新大品、土豆-10、陇薯3号生长势强弱.对以上两种脱毒培养制定消毒时间梯度,总结最佳消毒时间,分析污染原因并提出...